美國研究揭示:心臟健康指標與腎功能連結,對成人死亡風險的新見解

美國一項研究發現,心臟標誌物NT-proBNP與腎功能估算值(eGFR)呈負相關,深入探討了其對全因和心血管死亡風險的影響。研究顯示,即使在不同腎功能水平下,NT-proBNP的死亡預測價值仍然強大。對於eGFR低於60 mL/min/1.73m2的成人,高NT-proBNP水平與顯著增加的全因和心血管死亡風險相關。

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美國成人N末端前腦鈉肽、估計腎絲球過濾率與死亡率的關聯

Associations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and mortality in US adults

Bige Ozkan MD, ScM a b, Morgan E. Grams MD, PhD c, Josef Coresh MD, PhD a, John W. McEvoy MB, BCh, BAO, MHS, PhD d, Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui MD, PhD e, Scott Z. Mu MD, MHS a, Olive Tang MD, PhD f, Natalie R. Daya MPH a, Hyunju Kim PhD, MPH a, Robert H. Christenson PhD g, Chiadi E. Ndumele MD, PhD b, Elizabeth Selvin PhD, MPH a

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002870323001333

Abstract

Background

NT-proBNP is an important predictor of mortality but is inversely related to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Whether the prognostic value of NT-proBNP is similar at different levels of kidney function is unknown.

Aims

We evaluated the association of NT-proBNP with eGFR and its implications for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk in the general population.

Methods

We included adults without prior cardiovascular disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2004. We used linear regression to characterize the cross-sectional associations of NT-proBNP with eGFR. We used Cox regression to assess the prospective associations of NT-proBNP with mortality across categories of eGFR.

Results

Among 11,456 participants (mean age 43 years, 48% female, 71% White, 11% Black), there was an inverse association between NT-proBNP and eGFR, which was stronger in those with more impaired kidney function. Per 15-unit decrease in eGFR, NT-proBNP was 4.3-fold higher for eGFR<30; 1.7-fold higher for eGFR 30 to 60, 1.4-fold higher for eGFR 61 to 90, 1.1-fold higher for eGFR 91 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Over a median 17.6 years of follow-up, 2,275 deaths (622 cardiovascular) occurred. Higher NT-proBNP was associated with higher all-cause (HR per doubling of NT-proBNP: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.16-1.25) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.25-1.44). Associations were similar across eGFR categories (P-interaction >.10). Adults with NT-proBNP≥450 pg/mL and eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m2 had 3.4-fold higher all-cause mortality and 5.5-fold higher cardiovascular mortality risk, compared to those with NT-proBNP<125 pg/mL and eGFR>90 mL/min/1.73m2.

Conclusion

Despite its strong inverse association with eGFR, NT-proBNP has robust associations with mortality across the full range of kidney function in the general US adult population.

摘要

背景

NT-proBNP 是死亡率的重要預測因子,但與估算的腎小球濾過率(eGFR)呈負相關。在不同腎功能水平下,NT-proBNP 的預測價值是否相似尚不清楚。

目的

我們評估了NT-proBNP 與eGFR 的關聯,以及其對普通人群全因死亡和心血管死亡風險的影響。

方法

我們納入了來自1999年至2004年的國家健康和營養調查(NHANES)的成人,其中不包括既往心血管疾病的患者。我們使用線性回歸來描述NT-proBNP 與eGFR 的橫断面關聯。我們使用Cox 回歸來評估NT-proBNP 與不同eGFR 分類的死亡風險之間的前瞻性關聯。

結果

在11,456名參與者中(平均年齡43歲,48%女性,71%白人,11%黑人),NT-proBNP 與eGFR 呈負相關,且在腎功能受損程度較重的參與者中更強烈。每減少15單位的eGFR,NT-proBNP 在eGFR <30時增加了4.3倍;eGFR 30至60時增加了1.7倍,eGFR 61至90時增加了1.4倍,eGFR 91至120 mL/min/1.73 m2時增加了1.1倍。在隨訪17.6年的中位數時間內,共有2,275例死亡(其中心血管病622例)。較高的NT-proBNP 與較高的全因(NT-proBNP 每倍增的風險比率: 1.20,95% CI: 1.16-1.25)和心血管死亡率(HR: 1.34,95% CI 1.25-1.44)相關。在eGFR 分類中,這些關聯性相似(P-交互作用 > .10)。NT-proBNP ≥ 450 pg/mL 且eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 的成人與NT-proBNP < 125 pg/mL 且eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73m2 的成人相比,全因死亡率增加了3.4倍,心血管死亡率增加了5.5倍。

結論

儘管與eGFR 呈強烈的負相關,但NT-proBNP 在普通美國成人人群中的死亡率與腎功能全範圍的關聯是穩健的。

圖形摘要

在對美國成年人的分析中發現,腎功能受損程度較重的個體NT-proBNP水平顯著較高,但在各種腎功能水平下,NT-proBNP的死亡相關性相似。腎功能受損和NT-proBNP水平升高的個體組合擁有最高的全因和心血管死亡風險。

研究人口

我們對11,456名沒有心血管疾病(≥18歲)的NHANES 1999至2004參與者進行了橫斷面和前瞻性隊列分析。我們排除了缺少NT-proBNP、肌酸酐、半胱氨酸C和其他共變量(BMI、教育、吸煙狀況、高血壓、糖尿病或高膽固醇血症)的參與者(參見補充資料圖1)。NHANES議定書和此研究中存儲的血清樣本分析獲得了國家中心的倫理審查委員會的批准。

人口特徵

在代表美國人口的11,456名成年人中,沒有心血管疾病的成年人中,84.5%的人擁有正常的(eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2),13.3%的人有輕度腎功能減退(eGFR 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m2),2.1%的人患有慢性腎病(<60 mL/min/1.73 m2)。腎功能較低的個體年齡較大,更有可能是女性,教育水平較低,並且更有可能是以前的吸煙者。高血壓、高膽固醇血症和糖尿病的發生率也更高。

討論

在沒有心血管疾病的美國成年人的一個全國代表性樣本中,我們證明了在低eGFR水平下,NT-proBNP與eGFR呈強烈的負相關;但在輕度腎功能減退到正常eGFR(eGFR>60 mL/min/1.73m2)時,這種關聯非常微弱或不存在。腎功能低下且NT-proBNP水平高的個體具有最高的全因和心血管死亡風險,儘管如此,NT-proBNP每倍增,死亡率增加20%。

結論

NT-proBNP與腎功能受損和腎損傷程度相關,低eGFR和尿白蛋白尿的指標。儘管存在這些強烈的關聯性,但在腎功能的整個範圍內,NT-proBNP是一個獨立且強效的死亡風險因素,且與心血管疾病無關的一般人口。我們的研究結果強調了NT-proBNP在評估全因和心血管死亡風險方面的作用,無論在一般人口中的腎功能如何。

資金

這項工作是由美國國家衛生研究院生物標記聯合會授予約翰霍普金斯大學布隆伯格公共衛生學院的補助金資助的(PI:伊麗莎白·塞爾文)。美國國家衛生研究院生物標記聯合會在此項目中獲得了阿伯特實驗室、阿斯利康、強生和強生、國家乳品協會、奧索診斷、羅氏診斷和西門子醫療診斷的支持。塞爾文博士也受到NIH/NHLBI研究資助。

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